Co robić, gdy nadchodzą potwory? Wiedza i edukacja po hegemonii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/ae.2024.21.01Słowa kluczowe:
autorytaryzm, populizm, edukacja, edukacja obywatelska, hegemoniaAbstrakt
Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja współczesnej polityki autorytarnej i próba wypracowania alternatywy wobec mających stanowić edukacyjne antidotum wobec niej projektów zakorzenionych w koncepcjach liberalnych i krytycznych. Współczesny autorytaryzm jest przedmiotem opisu jako przejaw rozkładu neoliberalnego reżimu hegemonicznego. Efektem procesów de-hegemonizacji jest utrata przez liberalizm funkcji zdroworozsądkowego punktu odniesienia dla innych dyskursów ideologicznych, a także rozkład instytucjonalny i utrata dostępu do hegemonicznych źródeł politycznej legitymizacji.
Jedną z konsekwencji tego stanu rzeczy jest pojawienie się fenomenu „post-prawdy” – definiowanej zazwyczaj jako przedkładanie własnych emocji nad fakty i argumentację. Postprawda jest, z perspektywy edukacyjnej, najważniejszym przejawem sytuacji post-hegemonicznej. Przeciwdziałaniu jej mają służyć strategie zakorzenione w koncepcjach liberalnej edukacji obywatelskiej, takie jak zwiększanie kompetencji poznawczych przyszłych obywateli. Celem strategii krytycznych, korzystających z myśli Laclau i Mouffe jest z kolei ustanowienie, za pomocą edukacji, podstaw dla nie-antagonistycznych relacji politycznych.
Obie te ścieżki są przez autorów artykułu uznawane za problematyczne ze względu na ich zakorzenienie w postawach i instytucjach ulegającego rozkładu reżimu liberalnej hegemonii. Jako alternatywę autorzy proponują, jednocześnie czerpiącą i idącą wbrew myśli Freirego propozycję programowej edukacyjnej neutralności, wynikającej zarówno z epistemicznego dystansu wobec rozproszonej i przesiąkniętej antagonizmem sfery publicznej, jak i przekonaniu, że edukacja powinna wspierać zdolność uczniów do krytycznego „czytania świata” w oparciu o własne doświadczenie życiowe, a nie ułatwiać translację tych doświadczeń na skonfliktowane języki politycznych ideologii.
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